Face Negotiation Theory Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Face Negotiation Theory - Essay ExampleFacework refers to particular non-verbal as well as verbal messages that help in maintaining or re-building the loss of face. Different aspects of the Face-Negotiation Theories Anxiety and uncertainty can result in conflict that brings discomfort. According to Ting-Toomeys face-negotiation theory, it is mainly based on identity and collectivism (Ting -Toomey, 2010). Harry Triandis states that three important distinctions between left-wingeric and individualistic cultures include the different ways in which members perceive the concepts of goals, self, and duty. More than 60% of the fields population is born to collectivist cultures such as those in the Middle East, Africa, Asia, and Latin America while the remainder, in nations such as Switzerland and Germany, follow in individualist cultures (Ting -Toomey, 2010). For collectivist cultures such as that of Japan, it is presumed that even the decisions made by the citizens on an individual basi s end up affecting the community. This subject matter that it is constructive for the accepted norms of the group to determine individual choices. The Japanese We identity is comparable to the I identity of the individualistic American society. In the use of surmisal methods in the two types of cultures, the mediator encourages antagonists to deal directly with their differences and keeps the conversation focused on the possibility of a final agreement. Ting Toomey states that in a culture, the citizens who defy it up differ in terms of how much they identify with group solidarity or individualistic self-sufficiency. Timing-Toomey uses the terms independent as well as interdependent self to identify the extent to which a cultures members view themselves as be autonomous or in relation to others around them. The psychologists Shinobu Kitayama and hazelnut tree Markus refer to this concept as self- look-alike or self-construal (Ting -Toomey, 2010). In seemingly individualistic cu ltures such as the American culture, there may be certain changes that are noted in different ethnic groups. There are ethnic immigrants, for instance, that still practice collectivist habits and bring up their children in a collectivist culture, and to be highly interdependent. These select immigrant populations also encourage their citizens to engage in self-values that are interdependent and that highlight relational connectedness. It is common for the Western world to see to it the maintenance of face to be a predominantly Asian preoccupation. However, it is more common in other cultures as well, as it can be give tongue to to be a different definition of the self-concept. The Max Plank Institute of Psycholinguistics Stephen Levinson and Penelope Brown have delimitate the concept of face as being the public image of self that societys members wish to claim as being their own (Ting -Toomey, 2010). Lin Yutang, a Taiwanese author, on the other hand, defined face as being a psyc hological image that can be lost, granted to an individual, and even struggled for (Ting -Toomey, 2010). For Ting-Toomey, the concept of face is simply descriptive of the projective image of an individuals self in a relational setting. While people in individualistic societies struggle to preserve their own best images, those in collectivist cultures tend to focus on preserving the good images of their fellow man.